For seven years, Californians and other high-tax-state residents lived with a $10,000 limit on deducting state and local taxes. The 2025 law quadrupled it, with a catch for higher earners and an expiration date in 2030. If you itemize, own a pass-through business, or both, the next few years call for a different plan.
The new limits
From 2018 through 2024, individuals could deduct no more than $10,000 of state and local income, sales, and property taxes. The new law raised the cap to:
- $40,000 for 2025
- $40,400 for 2026
- 1% more each year for 2027 through 2029
- Back to $10,000 starting in 2030, unless Congress acts again
Married couples filing separately get half of these amounts.
The catch for higher earners
The larger cap shrinks once your modified adjusted gross income passes $500,000 for 2025, or $505,000 for 2026. For every dollar above that threshold, the cap drops by 30 cents, but it never falls below $10,000.
For example, someone with $550,000 of income in 2025 is $50,000 over the threshold. Thirty percent of that is $15,000, so their cap falls from $40,000 to $25,000. By roughly $600,000 of income, the cap is back to $10,000.
Pass-through entity taxes still work
Since the original cap took effect, most states have created an elective pass-through entity tax. A partnership or S corporation pays state income tax at the business level and deducts it there, so owners aren't limited by the individual cap. The 2025 law left these elections in place, and California extended its version through 2030.
For owners whose income is above the phase-down range, or whose state taxes exceed the new cap, an entity-level election can still be valuable. State rules differ on who can elect, how payments work, and when deadlines fall. California's rules include payment deadlines during the year, so the planning needs to start early.
What to do now
- Estimate your income for the year. Whether you land above or below the phase-down range changes the math.
- Total your state and local taxes, including property taxes, to see whether you'll hit the cap.
- Compare itemizing with the standard deduction. A larger SALT deduction may make itemizing worthwhile again.
- If you own a pass-through business, model the entity-level election against the new individual cap before the state's deadlines.
- Plan for 2030. Strategies built around the higher cap may need to change when it reverts.
We'd run the numbers in the fall, not in April, because California's entity-level election has payments due during the year. And we'd think twice before restructuring anything around a rule that changes again in 2030.